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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via more information the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.